Biomes play a critical role in the understanding of ecology because they help scientists study not only a specific plant or animal but also the role it plays in its community and the characteristics that it has developed to live in its environment.
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They include factors such as light, radiation, temperature, water, chemicals, gases, wind and soil. In some environments, such as marine environments, pressure and sound can be important abiotic components. Amazon River abiotic The Amazon River provides and removes excess water to and from the environment.
A biome is an area classified according to the species that live in that location. Temperature range, soil type, and the amount of light and water are unique to a particular place and form the niches for specific species allowing scientists to define the biome.
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Explanation: The primary factor which determines a biome is the climate. Temperature and precipitation essentially determines what kind of growing season or soil quality the terrain may have,which therefore affects the growth of plants living there.
Moisture and temperature are usually the most important environmental influences on the distribution of terrestrial biomes (Figure 8.2). The distribution of various types of wetlands within terrestrial biomes is mostly influenced by the amount and permanence of surface water and the availability of nutrients.
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Much of the world’s food and fibre comes from plants and animals that live in the world’s grasslands. Rice, wheat and corn, all grasses, provide the bulk of the human population’s food, and many animals which are farmed to provide meat and milk also live in the grasslands biome.
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There are numerous factors that challenge food production. The climate, topography and soil variations within biomes may be challenging for growing food, but the way people change the environment can also have an impact on food production.
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Biomes and food security focuses on investigating the role of the biotic environment and its role in food and fibre production.
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Tropical dry forests and temperate grasslands are the world’s most impacted biomes.
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A biome is an area classified according to the species that live in that location. Temperature range, soil type, and the amount of light and water are unique to a particular place and form the niches for specific species allowing scientists to define the biome.
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The differences in these biomes can be traced to differences in climate and where they are located in relation to the Equator. Global temperatures vary with the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the different parts of the Earth’s curved surface.
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Food can be produced from different biomes when people change the environment for example by ploughing the land, building greenhouses to grow plants, draining swamps and wetlands, building terraces on slopes etc.
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Temperate grasslands have the most fertile soil of any biome. Few natural temperate grasslands remain because many have been replaced by grazing areas and farms growing crops such as corn, soybeans, and wheat.
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Biomes broadly correspond with climatic regions as moisture and temperature strongly influence plant establishment and survival, although other environmental controls are sometimes important. Each biome has a characteristic set of plant and animal species as well as a characteristic overall physiognomy.
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Forests and savannas are important ecosystems They sustain a lot of plant and wildlife. Tropical forests have exceptionally high animal and plant species. They also play a crucial role in regulating the global climate, for example by storing lots of carbon. And people make a living off forests.
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Climate influences plant growth via temperature effects on leaf level photosynthesis, maintenance respiration and phenology. Atmospheric CO2 influences photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency and indirectly, the growing season length and reproduction.
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Biomes are determined primarily by temperature and precipitation. Generally speaking, biomes at higher latitudes (further away from the equator) are cooler and drier. Closer to the equator, biomes are generally warmer and wetter, as warmer air holds more moisture than colder air.
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In the lower latitudes, around the Equator, temperatures are the highest. In the higher latitudes, such as the polar regions of the world, temperatures are lowest. Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth.
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There is a relationship between latitude and temperature around the world, as temperatures are typically warmer approaching the Equator and cooler approaching the Poles. There are variations, though, as other factors such as elevation, ocean currents, and precipitation affect climate patterns.
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Biomes are partly determined by altitude. More precisely, biomes are mainly determined by temperature and precipitation, and the altitude can affect both temperature and precipitation. The temperature drops as the altitude increases. This would alter the structure and composition of our biome.
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Why do the same biomes occur at similar latitudes and around the globe? The same biomes occur at similar latitudes because of the north south temperature gradient in temperature and atmospheric circulation patterns. Plants that grow on top of other plants, instead of in the soil, to gain access to light.
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Biomes located at middle latitudes (30° to 60°) between the poles and the Equator (temperate deciduous forest, temperate grasslands, and cold deserts) receive more sunlight and have moderate temperatures. At the low latitudes (0° to 23°) of the Tropics, the sun’s rays strike the Earth most directly.
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The most sunlight is received at the equator of our planet, and consequently, temperatures at the low latitudes near the equator are warm. The types of ecosystems that develop in this warm environment are: Rainforests: As the name suggests, rainforests have heavy rainfall.
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Latitude or distance from the equator ” Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. In areas closer to the poles, sunlight has a larger area of atmosphere to pass through and the sun is at a lower angle in the sky.
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Latitude and Temperature At higher latitudes, the Sun’s rays are less direct. The farther an area is from the equator, the lower its temperature. At the poles, the Sun’s rays are least direct. Much of the area is covered with ice and snow, which reflect a lot of sunlight.
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The high latitude drives the seasonal pattern of available solar radiation. The Arctic has limited incoming solar warmth in the winter and an abundance of available light in the summer. Major mountain ranges in Alaska act as barriers to the moisture spinning off the Pacific Ocean to the south.
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With an increase in altitude the type of vegetation changes, because temperature decreases gradually. Hence a change in type of biome could be noticed with an increase in altitude which is similar to a shift in vegetation/biome type from equatorial latitude to polar regions.
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High Elevation and Plants: Temperature and Growing Season This means that under normal conditions, plants growing on elevated terrain deal with colder conditions ” colder air, colder soil ” across the year than lowland counterparts.
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Tropical rainforests have an emergent layer of tall trees over 40 m tall, an overstory of trees up to 30 m tall, a sub-canopy layer of trees and tall shrubs, and a ground layer of herbaceous vegetation. Tropical forests have the highest biodiversity and primary productivity of any of the terrestrial biomes.
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Adaptations. Plants, animals, and other organisms evolve adaptations to suit them to the abiotic factors in their biome. Abiotic factors to which they adapt include temperature, moisture, growing season, and soil. This is why the same type of biome in different parts of the world has organisms with similar adaptations.
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Because climate determines plant growth, it also influences the number and variety of other organisms in a terrestrial biome. Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the equator. It is also usually greater in more humid climates.
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They tend to have little rain, high daytime temperatures, and sparse plants adapted to the harsh conditions. Climate is the key abiotic factor that determines where terrestrial (land) biomes are found. Each biome has a characteristic range of temperatures and level of precipitation (rainfall and/or snowfall).
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Places located at high latitudes (far from the equator) receive less sunlight than places at low latitudes (close to the equator). The amount of sunlight and the amount of precipitation affects the types of plants and animals that can live in a place.
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Biome Biodiversity and Adaptations. Because plants are the most important producers in terrestrial biomes, anything that affects their growth also influences the number and variety of other organisms that can be supported in a biome. Therefore, climate has a major impact on the biodiversity of biomes.
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Biomes. A biome is an area classified according to the species that live in that location. Temperature range, soil type, and the amount of light and water are unique to a particular place and form the niches for specific species allowing scientists to define the biome.
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Tropical rainforests are mainly located between the latitudes of 23.5°N (the Tropic of Cancer) and 23.5°S (the Tropic of Capricorn)“the tropics. Tropical rainforests are found in Central and South America, western and central Africa, western India, Southeast Asia, the island of New Guinea, and Australia.