Revivals did contribute to the coming Revolution in important ideological, sociological, and religious ways. The revivals shattered the social order of church hierarchy, rejecting the existing power structures of the day and focusing instead on the individual.
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If they abided by this covenant, God would make them an example with the world”a “city upon a hill.” But if they broke the covenant, the entire community would feel God’s wrath.
Lesson Summary Through the Halfway Covenant, second-generation Puritans could become halfway church members in order to baptize their children. Though the covenant softened the rigid guidelines of church admission, over time it led to large-scale baptism and a maintenance of church membership.
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Why did no one ever attempt to overthrow the Commonwealth? Cromwell had the loyalty of the very powerful and ever growing New Model Army. What two things that contributed to the collapse of the Commonwealth? Cromwell lacked support of the English people and Cromwell died.
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Attempts to have Richard take over from Oliver Cromwell fell foul of the loyalty of the army. It would not be too long before feelers were put out to Charles II to return to England as a stabilising factor and so end the short lived period of the Commonwealth.
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The Puritan fervour of the American colonies waned toward the end of the 17th century, but the Great Awakening, under the leadership of Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, and others, served to revitalize religion in the region.
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Each of these “Great Awakenings” was characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical Protestant ministers, a sharp increase of interest in religion, a profound sense of conviction and redemption on the part of those affected, an increase in evangelical church membership, and the formation of new religious …
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How did the great awakening challenge the religious and social structure of British North America? It was attempting to use religious and social structure for profit. Ministers were claiming to be able to free people from sins if they donated enough money to the church; this caused the church to become very corrupt.
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Winthrop was one of the best educated of the Puritan colonists, had great leadership skills and wisdom, and was known for being very religious. Although his strictness did result in a few mistakes, in general he is respected and admired for making the best decisions to help allow the colony to survive in the New World.
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July 5, 1586
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John Winthrop (1588″1649) was an early Puritan leader whose vision for a godly commonwealth created the basis for an established religion that remained in place in Massachusetts until well after adoption of the First Amendment.
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He created a colonial legislature to change the government of Massachusetts. Explanation: He was successful in incorporating moderation and sensibilities. The city was very conservative and religious at that point of time.
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The Puritans believed they were doing God’s work. Hence, there was little room for compromise. Harsh punishment was inflicted on those who were seen as straying from God’s work.
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The natives found Puritan conversion practices coercive and culturally insensitive. Accepting Christianity usually involved giving up their language, severing kinship ties with other Natives who had not been saved, and abandoning their traditional homes.
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Although revealed religion remained a constant in American culture, natural religion and Protestant Rationalism encouraged the movement that eventually led to the American War of Independence (1775-1783) and the establishment of the United States of America.
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The New England colonies, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland were conceived and established “as plantations of religion.” Some settlers who arrived in these areas came for secular motives”“to catch fish” as one New Englander put it”but the great majority left Europe to worship God in the way they believed to be …
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Religious practice suffered in certain places because of the absence of ministers and the destruction of churches, but in other areas, religion flourished. The Revolution strengthened millennialist strains in American theology.
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Religion has been a big factor in shaping the colonies. Much of the growth of the American colonies came from religious groups. Unlike investors and workers, religious people bring their families along. These people believed that the New World was a refuge or haven against persecution in England.
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How did religious practices differ in the Byzantine and Western Roman empires? In the Byzantine Empire, the highest political authority and highest religious authority was the same person. However, in the West, kings and church leaders were separate, though kings answered to the pope.
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Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians distinguish Byzantium from its earlier incarnation because it was centred on Constantinople, oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterised by Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
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The Byzantine Empire (the Eastern Roman Empire) was distinct from the Western Roman Empire in several ways; most importantly, the Byzantines were Christians and spoke Greek instead of Latin.
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In western Europe they spoke Latin whereas, in the Byzantine Empire they spoke Greek. Easter was the chief Byzantine holy day and in western Europe it was Christmas.
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Despite sharing a political system and military, the two portions of the Roman Empire differed culturally. Eastern Rome picked up the Greek language and cultural elements, while Western Rome maintained Latin as a language. Additionally, Eastern Rome split from Roman Catholicism and practiced Orthodox Christianity.
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How did the histories of the Byzantine Empire and Western Europe differ during the era of third-wave civilizations? Western Europe collapsed politically in the fifth century, never to come together again as a single political entity, whereas Byzantium survived as a single political entity throughout the period.
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Citizens of the Byzantine Empire strongly identified as Christians, just as they identified as Romans. Emperors, seeking to unite their realm under one faith, recognized Christianity as the state religion and endowed the church with political and legal power.
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Byzantine social structures. A central feature of Byzantine culture was Orthodox Christianity. Byzantine society was very religious, and it held certain values in high esteem, including a respect for order and traditional hierarchies.
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The big difference of the two empires was their religious practices, The Islamic caliphates consisted of Islam and Muslims but the byzantine empire believed in orthodox Christians.
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Byzantines held more theoretical view about Jesus. Though Byzantines believe in humanity of Christ, but his divinity is more emphasized in Greek Orthodoxy or Eastern Church. Roman Catholics believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ but emphasizes on his humanity.
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Identify three differences between the religions in Western Europe and Eastern Europe During the Middle Ages. Western Europe had Roman Catholic Churches and Eastern Europe had Eastern Orthodox Churches. In Western Europe Latin was and is the official language of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Which of the following was a practice of the Western Catholic Church but not of Eastern Orthodoxy? Western Christians believed the pope to be the supreme authority over the Church while Eastern Christians didn’t.
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How did Charlemagne’s empire differ from Roman and Byzantine empires? The main difference between the Roman Empire and Charlemagne’s Holy Roman Empire was that the Roman Empire was based in Rome then Constantinople and Charlemagne’s empire was based in Central Europe including what we now call Germany. …
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The Empire gave rise to the Eastern Orthodox Church. This “Great Schism” created two separate branches of Christianity: the Roman Catholic Church in the West, and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine East.
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The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire, and it survived over a thousand years after the western half dissolved.
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Christianity had a large impact on the Byzantine Empire and the cities it traded with due to the fact that it constructed a theocracy, fused with Greek literary styles to create a whole new breed of literature, and dictated what was taught in Byzantine schools.
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Although the Justinian Code remained in force in the Eastern Empire until the ninth century, the period following Justinian’s reign was generally characterized by toleration of non-Christians, particularly the Jews.
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Constantine made Christianity the main religion of Rome, and created Constantinople, which became the most powerful city in the world. Emperor Constantine (ca A.D. 280″ 337) reigned over a major transition in the Roman Empire”and much more.
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Similarities between the Islamic empire and the Byzantine empire were that they both rose to power through military force. With this similarity comes the next in the fact that both empires had extremely strong military forces. They both flourished through their use of trade .
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Though the Byzantine and Muslim empires rose at the same time they were extremely different in ways of having separate rulers, beliefs, and people, however they were both greatly influenced by the Roman Empire. They both resembled in ways of their religion, art, and law.
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They both drew on ancient Greek philosophy and scholarship, and they were influenced by each other’s art and trade, and by a constant flow of converts and refugees that carried ideas with them .
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The Catholic Church believes the pope to be infallible in matters of doctrine. Orthodox believers reject the infallibility of the pope and consider their own patriarchs, too, as human and thus subject to error. In this way, they are similar to Protestants, who also reject any notion of papal primacy.
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What is a major difference between Eastern and Western Europe? Western Europe is more urbanized, with more than three quarters of the population living in cities, whereas Eastern Europe is more rural.
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While worshiping, the Western Church promotes kneeling position in prayer while Eastern Orthodox places of worship have normally standing followers. Unleavened bread (made without yeast) is utilized as a part of Roman church customs, while the Orthodox Church utilizes leavened bread.
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The major difference between the Eastern and Western churches led to their schism was the inclusion of Pope as the religious head of Christianity. Western churches believed in the authority of a religious leader called Pope who will issue orders. Eastern churches functioned without Pope and a group took decisions.
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What was a critical factor that made Byzantine political culture different from that of Western Europe? Unlike the West where the Roman Catholic Church maintained some degree of independence, in Byzantium the emperor was also head of the church.