Diuretics are generally safe. Side effects include increased urination and sodium loss. Diuretics can also affect blood potassium levels. If you take a thiazide diuretic, your potassium level can drop too low (hypokalemia), which can cause life-threatening problems with your heartbeat.
Which diuretic is potassium wasting?
Thiazide diuretics, such as chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Hygroton), and hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, HydroDiuril, Microzide) tend to deplete potassium levels. So do loop diuretics, such as bumetanide (Bumex) and furosemide (Lasix).
Because loop and thiazide diuretics increase sodium delivery to the distal segment of the distal tubule, this increases potassium loss (potentially causing hypokalemia) because the increase in distal tubular sodium concentration stimulates the aldosterone-sensitive sodium pump to increase sodium reabsorption in …
Are thiazide diuretics sodium wasting?
Thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule, the main diluting site of the nephron. Thus, thiazide diuretics interfere with maximum dilution of urine because sodium (Na+) excretion is increased along with diminished free-water excretion13, 14).
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps prevent your body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that also prevents your body from absorbing too much salt and keeps your potassium levels from getting too low.
Which diuretics are not potassium-sparing?
Do thiazide diuretics cause hyperkalemia?
Hyperkalemia is a leading complication of the potassium-sparing agents, especially in patients with an underlying tendency for hyperkalemia. Thiazide diuretics, in particular, have been linked to glucose intolerance, which may be an effect of hypokalemia rather than the diuretic itself.
How do thiazides and loop diuretics differ in their mechanisms of action?
They may also be used with antihypertensive drugs to control high blood pressure (hypertension). Lasix is an anthranilic acid derivative that is a type of loop diuretic while thiazides are another class of diuretic. A difference is that loop diuretics are more potent than thiazides.
Why do thiazide diuretics cause hypercalcemia?
Hypercalcemia. By increasing calcium reabsorption from the luminal membrane into the interstitium in exchange for sodium, thiazides reduce urine calcium levels and increase blood calcium.
Why do thiazide diuretics increase calcium reabsorption?
Thiazides enhance Ca reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule, by increasing Na/Ca exchange (which makes thiazides useful in treating the calcium-subtype of kidney stones).
Do diuretics lower potassium?
Yes, some diuretics ” also called water pills ” decrease potassium in the blood. Diuretics are commonly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
Does HCTZ lower potassium levels?
Hydrochlorothiazide can lower blood potassium, sodium, and magnesium levels. Low potassium and magnesium levels can lead to abnormalities in heart rhythm, especially in patients already taking digoxin (Lanoxin).
Does HCTZ affect potassium?
HCTZ affects electrolyte balance in the body, which may cause low potassium, low sodium, or low magnesium levels in the blood.
Is chlorthalidone potassium wasting?
Chlorthalidone-triamterene: a potassium-sparing diuretic combination for the treatment of oedema.
What is potassium wasting?
People affected by Bartter syndrome lose too much sodium through the urine. This causes a rise in the level of the hormone aldosterone, and makes the kidneys remove too much potassium from the body. This is known as potassium wasting.
What are thiazide type diuretics?
What are Thiazide diuretics? Thiazide diuretics are a type of diuretic (a drug that increases urine flow). They act directly on the kidneys and promote diuresis (urine flow) by inhibiting the sodium/chloride cotransporter located in the distal convoluted tubule of a nephron (the functional unit of a kidney).
Why ACE inhibitors are contraindicated to potassium sparing diuretics?
Potassium sparing diuretics have generally been avoided in patients receiving ACE inhibitors, owing to the potential risk of hyperkalaemia.
When are thiazide diuretics used?
Thiazide diuretics are mainly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). They are occasionally also used for heart failure. When used to treat heart failure they are often combined with another type of medicine called a loop diuretic.
What is the mechanism of action of potassium sparing diuretics?
Potassium-sparing diuretics act to prevent sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubule by either binding ENaCs (amiloride, triamterene) or by inhibiting aldosterone receptors (spironolactone, eplerenone). This prevents excessive excretion of K+ in urine and decreased retention of water, preventing hypokalemia.
Why do thiazide diuretics cause alkalosis?
Loop and thiazide diuretics can cause metabolic alkalosis due to increased excretion of chloride in proportion to bicarbonate. This is more common with loop diuretics than thiazide diuretics.
Why do thiazides cause more hyponatremia than loop diuretics?
(1) The propensity of thiazides to promote hyponatremia is explained by the inhibition of urinary dilution due to reduced reabsorption of NaCl in the distal renal tubules. In contrast, loop diuretics do not impair urinary dilution and are not associated with reduction of sodium levels.
Why are loop diuretics potassium wasting?
Potassium secretion in these latter segments of the nephron is tied in a positive manner to urinary flow and Na+ reabsorption. Consequently, loop diuretics commonly cause flow-induced K+ secretion at the CNT and CD. This secondary effect of loop diuretics leads to their K+-wasting action.
Why loop diuretics are better than thiazides?
Studies show that the previously employed high doses of thiazide-type diuretics lower BP more than furosemide. Loop diuretics appear to have a preferable side effect profile (less hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and possibly less glucose intolerance).
What is the difference between chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide?
Chlorthalidone produces slightly greater reductions in blood pressure compared with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), but it is associated with greater declines in serum potassium levels.
How do thiazide diuretics cause hyperglycemia?
If this mechanism is correct, it would imply that thiazide-induced hyperglycemia occurs by a different mechanism (decreased insulin secretion) than the standard type 2 diabetes (peripheral insulin resistance), and furthermore that thiazide-induced hyperglycemia is reversible with normalization of potassium levels.
What is the effect of loop and thiazide diuretics on calcium?
Calcium excretion is increased by loop diuretics and diminished by thiazide-type diuretics and amiloride. How these effects occur is related to the mechanisms of sodium, chloride, and calcium transport in the different diuretic-sensitive segments. Ions cannot directly cross epithelial cell membranes.