Rome had good farm and pasture land. The river provided both a defense and a way to move trade goods, along with easy access to fresh water for drinking, irrigation, and washing.
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The Roman provinces depended on Rome’s rule for protection from both external and internal threats. In turn, the provinces were vital for spreading Romanization throughout the empire. They also boosted the Roman economy and provided much-needed soldiers for the Roman army.
Throughout their empire the Romans built towns in exactly the same style. They were designed in the form of a grid, with streets built at right angles to each other and parallel with one of the two main roads. The streets of Roman towns were between five and eight metres wide.
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The Roman provinces (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor.
Mining: gold, silver, iron, copper, tin, lead, and mercury were mined. There were salt mines on the Mediterranean coasts, and salt was used to season and preserve food. Trade developed considerably thanks to a single imperial currency and a vast network of roads (viae) and ports.
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The Romans improved these trade routes and created new ones. They built harbors, canals, and a vast system of roads. While it lasted, the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) provided the order and stability that trade required. The Roman army made the roads and sea routes safe for traders.
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The fertile soil of the Po and Tiber River Valleys allowed Romans to grow a diverse selection of crops, such as olives and grains. This allowed the empire to have a food surplus to feed its population and trade with other societies. The empire also used the resulting wealth to expand its military strength.
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Why was Rome’s geography perfect for territorial expansion? The Romans originated in Italy, a long peninsula with a mountain range down its middle like a spine and fertile plains on either side. Rome also controlled a river crossing on a major north-south route.
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How did geography influence the origins and expansion of Rome? The Tiber river allowed access to the Mediterranean, but it was far enough inland that it protected Rome from invasions. The peninsula of Italy allowed trade and transportation to be easy.
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Before the Romans came, the native Britons were pagans. They believed in lots of different gods and spirits. The Romans were pagans too, but they didn’t believe in the same gods as the Britons. They let the Britons worship their own gods, as long as they were respectful of the Roman ones too.
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When the Romans came they modernised Britain forever. They taught them about hygiene, about clean drinking water, a calendar, laws and legal system. They also introduced new infrastructure such as straight roads, central heating, aqueducts as well as concrete.
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As the legions blazed a trail through Europe, the Romans built new highways to link captured cities with Rome and establish them as colonies. These routes ensured that the Roman military could out-pace and out-maneuver its enemies, but they also aided in the everyday maintenance of the Empire.
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The Romans designed their punishments to discourage potential criminals. How you were punished depended on who you were and your position in Roman society. Whipping and fines were the most common punishments. Wooden shoes were sometimes placed on the feet of prisoners, making escape difficult.
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The most straightforward theory for Western Rome’s collapse pins the fall on a string of military losses sustained against outside forces. Rome had tangled with Germanic tribes for centuries, but by the 300s “barbarian” groups like the Goths had encroached beyond the Empire’s borders.
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Christianity spread quickly through the Roman empire because Peter and Paul began to preach it to the pagans. Emporer Constantine allowed Christians to come out of their catacombs and build churches and cemeteries. Later, Emporer Theodosis makes Christianity the official religion of Rome.
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The Roman government maintained control over conquered territories using the strength of its military, political system, and economy.
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In order to manage the new territories that came under their influence, the Romans created formal provinces and appointed former political officeholders to manage them. Given the distance between most provinces and Rome, these governors often had considerable power and flexibility in dealing with local issues.
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The more wealthy and powerful the Romans became, the more able they were to further expand their empire. The Romans were not content with conquering land near to them. They realised that land further away might also have riches in them that would make Rome even more wealthy. Hence their drive to conquer Western Europe.
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Rome’s provinces made Rome rich. They provided food, taxes, metals and other resources to Rome. Rome gave the provinces peace and stability (see Pax Romana).
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Rome’s location on the Italian peninsula, and the Tiber River, provided access to trade routes on the Mediterranean Sea. As a result, trade was an important part of life in ancient Rome.
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Although arches existed thousands of years before the time of ancient Rome, the Romans revolutionized the structure by using it to build colosseums, aqueducts, bridges and other buildings. Roman engineers created wooden frames in the shape of an arch, then created the stonework around the frame.
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The patricians were the wealthy land-owning noble class in Rome. They often owned slaves who would work their farms for them. The patricians inherited their power and held almost all the important government positions such as the consuls.
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Patricians were frightened by the actions of the plebeians because the work on the farms and in the city cam to a halt. Also, patricians were afraid that, without plebeians, the arm was too weak to defend Rome. Section 33.5 1.
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how was the growth of the republic aided/ helped by the Roman army’s use of legions in warfare? They overthrew the Etruscans and created their own government called a republic. This started a new era in Rome’s history.
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What changes did Julius Caesar bring about as ruler of Rome? He expanded citizenship, introduced reforms that helped the poor, but ended the republic by becoming Rome’s first dictator for life.
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Cyrus treated the people he conquered equally by letting them rebuild their temple, practicing their religion, letting them go to Jerusalem, and letting them speak their own language. The Jews did not rebel against him and praised him as the “chosen one”.
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CONQUEST OF BABYLON In 539 BCE Cyrus invaded the Babylonian Empire, following the banks of the Gyndes (Diyala) on his way to Babylon. He allegedly dug canals to divert the river’s stream, making it easier to cross. Cyrus met and routed the Babylonian army in battle near Opis, where the Diyala flows into the Tigris.
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Rome treated its conquered lands with justice. Conquered people had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes, and supply soldiers. Rome let them keep their own customs, money, and local government. A few conquered people even got full citizenship.
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One of the main reasons Rome became so powerful was because of the strength of its army. It conquered a vast empire that stretched from Britain all the way to the Middle East. The army was very advanced for its time. The soldiers were the best trained, they had the best weapons and the best armour.
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How did Rome’s expansion affect the plebeians? The plebeians got more land. The plebeians got more slaves. More plebeians had to serve in the army.
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They were able to conquer the Italian peninsula over 50 years. How did the Roman government maintain control over conquered territories? The Romans extended citizenship to those they conquered because they felt that would make the people feel like they were a part of the group.
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In what ways were the Romans remarkable builders, and how did their buildings help create and spread Greco-Roman culture? They began to use more arches and vaults to create more of a cooler architecture.
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How did the romans spread Greco-Roman arts and culture throughout the empire, and what were their characteristics? During the third and second centuries B.C., the Romans adopted many features of the Greek style of art. They developed a taste for Greek statues, which they placed in public buildings and in their houses.
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Anyone who found himself there regardless of the circumstances became a Roman, without even being a citizen. He accepted the style of being, language, customs. He gave Roman names to his children, he accepted religion and everything else.
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However, many Romans loathed foreigners and resented any expansion of Roman citizenship, even if they themselves had benefitted from such an expansion.
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Citizenship in ancient Rome (Latin: civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance. Roman women had a limited form of citizenship. They were not allowed to vote or stand for civil or public office.
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The only major requirement that Rome imposed on its defeated enemies was that they provide soldiers for military campaigns. In the ancient world, military victory usually meant a share of the loot taken from the conquered, so participating on the winning side of a conflict offered incentives to Rome’s new allies.
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No, people were treated differently based on their wealth, gender, and citizenship. Women did not get the right to vote or hold office. Also, if you had more money, you got more voting power.
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Although it is often claimed that Christians were persecuted for their refusal to worship the emperor, general dislike for Christians likely arose from their refusal to worship the gods or take part in sacrifice, which was expected of those living in the Roman Empire.
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Rome was still an empire of immigrants in those years. Many immigrants advanced their families’ reputations and their own careers by settling inside the Roman Empire’s borders: Franks, Armenians, Vandals, Moors, Ethiopians, and more.
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Rome treated its conquered lands with justice. Conquered people had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes, and supply soldiers. Rome let them keep their own customs, money, and local government. A few conquered people even got full citizenship.
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Citizenship varied greatly. The full citizen could vote, marry freeborn persons, and practice commerce. Some citizens were not allowed to vote or hold public office, but maintained the other rights. A third type of citizen could vote and practive commerce, but could not hold office or marry freeborn women.
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The Ancient Romans fought many battles and wars in order to expand and protect their empire. There were also civil wars where Romans fought Romans in order to gain power. Here are some of the major battles and wars that the Romans fought.
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They shot bows and arrows, flung stones from slingshots, or could swim rivers to surprise an enemy. Roman soldiers usually lined up for battle in a tight formation. After a terrifying burst of arrows and artillery, the Roman soldiers marched at a slow steady pace towards the enemy.
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How did Rome successfully protect its conquests? D. By posting a well-trained army throughout the enpire. Which of the following statements describe the family role of a man during the Roman Republic?