In 1770, during his first Pacific voyage, Lieutenant James Cook claimed possession of the east coast of Australia for the British Crown. Upon his return to Britain, Cook’s reports inspired the authorities to establish a penal colony in the newly claimed territory.
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The Spanish had a positive effect on Aztec civilization because they helped modernize the society. They introduced the Aztecs to domestic animals, sugar, grains, and European farming practices. Most significantly, the Spanish ended the Aztec’s practice of human sacrifice.
Beginning in 1641, a protracted war was fought between the colonists and the Manhattans, which resulted in the death of more than 1,000 Indians and settlers. In 1664, New Amsterdam passed to English control, and English and Dutch settlers lived together peacefully.
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The Native Americans welcomed the arriving immigrants and helped them survive. Then they celebrated together, even though the Pilgrims considered the Native Americans heathens. The Pilgrims were devout Christians who fled Europe seeking religious freedom.
They had to pay high taxes to the king. They felt that they were paying taxes to a government where they had no representation. They were also angry because the colonists were forced to let British soldiers sleep and eat in their homes.
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Following the French and Indian War, Britain wanted to control expansion into the western territories. The King issued the Proclamation of 1763 prohibiting settlements beyond the Appalachian Mountains. Colonists who had already settled on these lands were ordered to return east of the mountains.
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Europeans continued to enter the country following the French and Indian War, and they continued their aggression against Native Americans. Another consequence of allying with Europeans was that Native Americans were often fighting neighboring tribes.
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The Jamestown colonists traded glass beads and copper to the Powhatan Indians in exchange for desperately needed corn. Later, the Indian trade broadened to include trading English-made goods such as axes, cloth, guns and domestic items in exchange for shell beads.
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Colonization ruptured many ecosystems, bringing in new organisms while eliminating others. The Europeans brought many diseases with them that decimated Native American populations. Colonists and Native Americans alike looked to new plants as possible medicinal resources.
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Metacom was later called “King Philip” by the English.
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The Trail of Tears National Historic Trail commemorates the removal of the Cherokee and the paths that 17 Cherokee detachments followed westward.
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The Spanish attitude toward the Indians was that they saw themselves as guardians of the Indians basic rights. The Spanish goal was for the peaceful submission of the Indians. The laws of Spain controlled the conduct of soldiers during wars, even when the tribes were hostile.
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Introduction of Disease The arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 not only brought new people and lifestyles to Australia but also new diseases. These diseases had a hugely negative effect on Australia’s Indigenous population, as they were not even able to resist a common cold.
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It was never legal to shoot any Aborigine but it was an occurrence that was ignored and discounted. On September 18, 1973, capital punishment… See full answer below.
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It was the English explorer Matthew Flinders who made the suggestion of the name we use today. He was the first to circumnavigate the continent in 1803, and used the name ‘Australia’ to describe the continent on a hand drawn map in 1804.
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Australia Day is the official national day of Australia. Observed annually on 26 January, it marks the 1788 landing of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove and raising of the Union Flag by Arthur Phillip following days of exploration of Port Jackson in New South Wales.
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After British colonisation, the name New Holland was retained for several decades and the south polar continent continued to be called Terra Australis, sometimes shortened to Australia.
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The British literally shipped their convicts out of Britain and sent them thousands and thousands of miles on a one-way trip to Australia. Convicts from all over Britain were forced onto these ships and this led to a wide variety of English dialects and accents coming together.
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The reasons that led the British to invade Australia were simple. The prisons in Britain had become unbearably overcrowded, a situation worsened by the refusal of America to take any more convicts after the American War of Independence in 1783.
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How did Spanish treat the peoples they conquered? They created a Mestizo population, imposed their culture, and exploited native Americans as their laborers. What was unique about the Spanish colonization of the lands of New Mexico.
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The advantages that the Spanish had over the Aztec were 16 horses, guns, armor, formed alliances, and diseases, steel. What were the Natives most afraid of. The natives were most afraid of the horses that the Spanish brought over.
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What did the Spanish do in their effort to gain control of the Incas? They captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa.
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The Dutch gave up the colony without a fight. The breaking point came in March 1664, when English King Charles II awarded the colony’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, even though the two countries were then technically at peace.
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Why did England want to control New Netherland? Because King Charles II wanted to control the Atlantic coast of North America. He wanted more settlements, more lands rich in natural resources, and control of the fur trade.
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In 1664, the English sent a fleet to seize New Netherlands, which surrendered without a fight. The English renamed the colony New York, after James, the Duke of York, who had received a charter to the territory from his brother King Charles II.
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Enlightenment ideas influenced the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights by giving the Framers the ideas for checks and balances, individual freedom, and government by the people.
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The Enlightenment brought political modernization to the west, in terms of focusing on democratic values and institutions and the creation of modern, liberal democracies. Enlightenment thinkers sought to curtail the political power of organized religion, and thereby prevent another age of intolerant religious war.
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The Enlightenment beliefs that aided to the creation of the American government were separation of powers, checks and balances, and limited government.
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The Enlightenment helped combat the excesses of the church, establish science as a source of knowledge, and defend human rights against tyranny. It also gave us modern schooling, medicine, republics, representative democracy, and much more. So how did one movement inspire so much change?
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What effects did Enlightenment philosophers have on government and society? Enlightenment thinkers paved the way for modern democracy. Montesquieu’s three branches of government helped frame the US constitution. Voltaire’s literature helped illustrate the importance of freedom of speech.
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The Enlightenment brought secular thought to Europe and reshaped the ways people understood issues such as liberty, equality, and individual rights. Today those ideas serve as the cornerstone of the world’s strongest democracies.
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These thinkers valued reason, science, religious tolerance, and what they called “natural rights”: life, liberty, and property. Enlightenment philosophers John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all developed theories of government in which some or even all the people would govern.
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This furthered the power of a monarch because it ensured that the king or queen did not get their power from the people, and therefore the people had not control or say over the monarchs rule. The Enlightenment and its ideals of liberty greatly impacted the ability of absolute monarchs to continue to rule as they had.
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The Enlightenment affected some rulers in Europe by them accepting the new ideas and reforming. These rulers are known as despots.
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Possible answers: The Constitution reflected Enlightenment distrust of powerful central governments. It established three separate branches of government to provide a built-in system of checks and balances that would prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.
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Enlightenment ideas also inspired independence movements, as colonies sought to create their own country and remove their European colonizers. Governments also began to adopt ideas like natural rights, popular sovereignty, the election of government officials, and the protection of civil liberties.
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Thinkers of the challenged the divine right of kings and argued for liberty and rights. Salons (discussed parties), high literacy rates and cheap printing helped spread new ideas across Europe. These theories inspired a variety of new ideas in art, music, gender, economics, and government.
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Regarding economics, Enlightenment thinkers believed that although commerce often promoted self-interest and sometimes greed, it also helped to mitigate other negative aspects of society, particularly concerning governments, thereby ultimately promoting social harmony.
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. The Enlightenment presented new beliefs about authority and the role of the individual in government. John Locke presented ideas of natural rights of life, liberty and property and he declared that it is the purpose of governments to protect these rights.
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The spread of Enlightenment philosophers’ ideas sparked changes in governments and society throughout Europe. Encouraged by ideas such as natural law and social contracts, people challenged the structure of governments and society in existence since the Middle Ages.
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One way in which the Enlightenment ideas changed political thought throughout Europe was through an increase in logical thinking and less reliance on the church and religion. It let people form unions and organize strikes to protest unsafe and unfair labor conditions because they were being treated unjust.
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Enlightenment thinkers approached the study of government from a rational rather than religious perspective.
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The American Revolution and the subsequent framework of American government were heavily influenced by John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau ” three Enlightenment philosophers who “developed theories of government in which some or even all the people would govern” (Constitutional Rights Foundation …
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People started to study human nature and society. What new views did philosophers have about government? ” Hobbes believed that people are not naturally good, so they must exchange some freedom for the order, peace and safety that comes from having a government.