According to the American Psychological Association (APA), abbreviations are best used only when they allow for clear communication with the audience. Exceptions: Standard abbreviations like units of measurement and states do not need to be written out.
How do you write states in APA?
When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). States should also be abbreviated when used as part of a short-form political affiliation. Examples: He was travelling to Nashville, Tenn.
In text sentences, do not abbreviate names of states (see CBE Style Manual). 2. In addresses, use the 2-letter codes that were first issued by the U.S. Postal Service in 1963 (see Table below) to abbreviate names of states.
How do you cite a city and state in APA?
The place of publication is the “name of the city where the publisher is located.” The place can be found on the title page or verso of the title page. Use the first city listed or the city where the publisher’s headquarters is located. Follow the city name with two-letter abbreviation for the state.
Do you abbreviate journal in APA?
Abbreviations for Journal/Periodical Titles Reproduce periodical titles as shown on the cited work. If the periodical’s offiicial title includes an abbreviation, reproduce that abbreviated titile in the reference (e.g. PLOS ONE, JAMA Pediatrics).
Can I abbreviate in text citations?
Answer. Yes, you can abbreviate institutional and agency names. Your first in-text citation would be something like: Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah (National Institutes of Health [NIH], 2010).
How do you write states?
Always lowercase the word state in constructions such as, “the state of Michigan.” In general, the construction the “state of” is unnecessary and should not be used, except as a nonspecific reference to the government of a state or in cases such as “state of Washington” or “state of New York,” to distinguish between …
How do you capitalize state abbreviations?
Always capitalize both letters in the state abbreviation. Do you specifically want to use the two-letter postal abbreviations?
Do you put comma between city and state?
Unless a place name is at the end of a sentence and followed by sentence-ending punctuation, whenever you list a city and a state or a city and a country, place commas around the state or the country. The rule applies even when the country or state name is abbreviated.
Do you put location in APA citation?
In the 7th edition of the APA manual, no location information is required for publishers. The 6th edition previously required you to include the city and state where the publisher was located, but this is no longer the case.
Can you abbreviate in text citations APA 7?
Abbreviations should be used at least 3 times within the paper. If you are not using the abbreviation at least 3 times, do not abbreviate. Instead, spell out the word or phrase completely each time you use it in the paper. Do not introduce abbreviations within headings.
How do you abbreviate APA citation?
As with other abbreviations, spell out the name of the group upon first mention in the text and then provide the abbreviation. If the name of the group first appears in the narrative, put the abbreviation, a comma, and the year for the citation in parentheses after it.
What is 2 letter abbreviations for states?
Why is abbreviation for what state?
How do you abbreviate states ap style?
How do you write DC in APA?
States, provinces, or territories: NY; CA; USA; Washington, DC (except U.S. and U.K. when used as an adjective) In acronyms using capital letters: APA, NIMH, IQ.
Does US have periods in APA?
The American Psychological Association (APA) “Publication Manual,” which is used for writing academic papers, agrees about using the periods. In headlines under AP style, however, it’s “postal style” US (no periods). And the abbreviated form of United States of America is USA (no periods).
Can you abbreviate titles in text citations APA?
When an in-text citation refers to a work with a long title, a shortened phrase from the title should be used. Care should be taken to shorten the title in such a way that it does not compromise the reader’s ability to locate the source on the Works Cited list.
Can you abbreviate CDC in text citations APA?
Abbreviating Organizational Authors One in 13 people has asthma (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). Whether you spell it out in text or in a parenthetical citation, it only needs to be done once, with the acronym immediately following in parentheses or brackets.
Are two letter state abbreviations capitalized?
In headlines, the periods are omitted. However, when giving an address, or in tables or other uses in which space is limited, use the US Postal Service’s symbol system, which consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are always capitalized and no periods are used (for example, NY for “New York”).
Can you spell out the state on an envelope?
Write out the full name of a state, rather than using its two letter abbreviation. Don’t: Abbreviate North, South, East, West.
Are Southern states capitalized?
What about capitalizing southern or Southerner? The same rules apply to capitalizing southern as capitalizing south. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as “the Southern States.” However, if you’re referring to a general location, such as “the southern winds” then southern should be lowercase.
Is state written with a capital letter?
You capitalize “state” only when it follows the name of the state, as in “New York State is also called the Empire State,” or when it’s part of a traditional name for a state, like “Empire State” or “Lone Star State.” When it precedes the name of the state, don’t capitalize the word unless it’s part of a title of …
Should states be capitalized?
When you’re not sure, follow the catchall rule for capitalization that stipulates we should capitalize proper nouns (names) and leave common nouns in lower case. Therefore, treat Washington State as a proper noun, but “state” in “state of Washington” as a common noun and use lowercase.
How do you write a list of cities and states?
Do you put comma after state before zip code?
In an address, place a comma after the street and between the city and state: 1714 North Harvey Street, Griffith, IN 46300. Do not place a comma between the state and the ZIP code.
Is there a comma between county and state?
Use a comma after place names using states or counties.
Does APA require place of publication?
No place of publication is required when using APA 7th edition. Must include ALL names in the reference list for publications with up to 20 authors.
What rule governs whether a state is given in the reference list publisher location in APA?
pages: pp. 20. What rule governs whether a state is given in the reference list publisher location? USA publishers give the city in full and the abbreviation for the state.
How do you reference a place?
In citing a location, you must include the name (if known) or some descriptive label, location address, date and medium title. Now depending on the style, such as the American Psychological Association (APA) or Modern Language Association (MLA), your citations may vary.
When did state abbreviations change to 2 letters?
To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. In October 1963, the Department settled on the current two-letter abbreviations.
What is the abbreviation for New York?
The New York state abbreviation is as simple as it gets regarding the US postal abbreviations, you only need to remember the first letter from both words that make up New York: “NY”. You’ll need to know and use this in many situations when referencing the state of New York ” NY.
What state abbreviation is CN?
What are the 50 states abbreviations?
How do you abbreviate states in a press release?
STANDING ALONE: Spell out the names of the 50 states when they stand alone in textual material. DON’T ABBREVIATE EIGHT: The names of eight states are never abbreviated in text: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah.
Do you put a comma before an in-text citation APA?
When an author’s name is cited in-text, put the date of the citation in parentheses. When the author’s name is not cited in-text, the author’s last name should be included in the parentheses along with the date, separated by a comma.
How do you write Washington?
The postal code is “WA” for the state. You should never abbreviate when referring to the U.S. capital. Use “state of Washington” or “Washington state” and “Washington D.C.,” or “District of Columbia” when the context requires distinctions between the state and the federal district.
Is there a comma in Washington, D.C. AP style?
A comma should always separate “Washington” and “D.C.” as in “Washington, D.C.” with a comma after “D.C.” if the sentence continues. Example: “In Washington, D.C., students visited the Smithsonian museum.” When referring to a major city, there is no need for the state abbreviation.
Which is correct MD or MD?
M.D., which can be used with or without the periods (M.D. or MD) is the designation for a medical doctor.
Is America correct?
Since the United States was formed by integrating 50 independent states into a single country, and they all had the liberty to run as per their own rules, regulations and taxation. Therefore is it always mentioned as The US or The USA. The correct way would be “in the U.S.”
How do you spell the United States of America?
The United States, or the United States of America in full, takes a singular verb because the term designates a single country rather than a collection of states.
Do you abbreviate months in APA Style?
Dates, Months, Years, Days of the Week Always capitalize months. Spell out the month unless it is used with a date. When used with a date, abbreviate only the following months: Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov. and Dec.