Environmental factors such as diet, temperature, oxygen levels, humidity, light cycles, and the presence of mutagens can all impact which of an animal’s genes are expressed, which ultimately affects the animal’s phenotype.
Can phenotype change by the environment?
As the environment varies, organisms adapt by changing their phenotypes, including morphological and behavioral traits. Such phenotypic responses to the environment are modified through the process of evolution, which gives rise to different forms of adaptation.
Two factors that influence the phenotype are: (1) the specific genetic information of the individual (its genotype), and (2) environmental influences on the expression of the individual’s genetic potential.
Which of these is an example of an environmental effect on phenotype?
Environmental conditions, such as temperature and availability of nutrients can affect phenotypes. For example, temperature affects coat color in Siamese cats.
Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an individual organism, determined by both genetic make-up and environmental influences, for example, height, weight and skin colour. Associate Professor Peter Dearden, from the University of Otago, is interested in how genotype makes phenotype.
How do environmental factors affect the expression of traits?
Sometimes the environment changes a gene”either its DNA sequence or its activity level. Either of these effects can change the proteins that are made from a gene, which in turn affects traits. Some harmful environmental factors can change a gene’s nucleotide sequence. For example, UV radiation can break DNA strands.
How can environmental factors affect the expression of genes?
Environmentally induced changes in gene expression occur when exposure to chemicals changes which genes are turned “on” or “off”“which can change how the cells function and thus a person’s predisposition to disease. The effect of this chemical modification is called epigenetic regulation.
Can the environment affect the gene expression of an organism?
The expression of genes in an organism can be influenced by the environment, including the external world in which the organism is located or develops, as well as the organism’s internal world, which includes such factors as its hormones and metabolism.
How can a signal change the phenotype of an organism?
Signal transduction may result in changes in gene expression and cell function, which may alter phenotype or result in programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Which of the following are examples of environmental effects on phenotype quizlet?
Which of the following are examples of environmental effects on phenotype? The amount of sunlight experienced by a sunflower affects the number of seeds produced. The number of seeds eaten by a bird affects its weight. In a certain plant, fruit color is affected by an epistatic interaction between two genes.
Does environment affect genotype?
Genotype generally remains constant from one environment to another, although occasional spontaneous mutations may occur which cause it to change. However, when the same genotype is subjected to different environments, it can produce a wide range of phenotypes.
How does genotype affect phenotype?
The term “phenotype” refers to the observable physical properties of an organism; these include the organism’s appearance, development, and behavior. An organism’s phenotype is determined by its genotype, which is the set of genes the organism carries, as well as by environmental influences upon these genes.
What is an environmental trigger give an example?
Some common triggers include dust mites and mold, pets, strong odors, cockroaches, cigarette and cigar smoke, viral or sinus infections, emotions, weather changes, pollution, and exercise. (See “Examples of Triggers” for a more extensive list.)
Why can different phenotypes result from different levels of gene expression?
The different genes or alleles caused by mutation can be passed on to successive generations, resulting in different phenotypic traits.
What are some environmental factors that can affect the growth of organisms?
So what environmental conditions can affect microbial growth? Temperature, oxygen, pH, water activity, pressure, radiation, lack of nutrients…these are the primary ones.
Which is an example of environmental influence on gene expression?
Positive experiences, such as exposure to rich learning opportunities, and negative influences, such as malnutrition or environmental toxins, can change the chemistry that encodes genes in brain cells ” a change that can be temporary or permanent. This process is called epigenetic modification.
What kind of environmental factors can cause mutations in gene expression?
Mutations can also occur as the result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, sunlight and radiation. Often cells can recognise any potentially mutation-causing damage and repair it before it becomes a fixed mutation.
What are some environmental factors that can influence gene expression quizlet?
Environmental factors can affect gene expression such as: the production of skin pigmentation during exposure to sunlight in humans. In embryonic development, the embryo contains an uneven distribution of chemicals called morphogens.
Why do phenotypes change?
The phenotype may change constantly throughout the life of an individual because of environmental changes and the physiological and morphological changes associated with aging.
How can genotypes shape and interact with the environment?
In other words, each genotype responds similarly to the changing environment producing similar phenotypes. For all individual genotypes, average egg development time decreases with increasing temperature. The environment is influencing each of the genotypes in the same predictable manner.
What causes differences in phenotypes?
Phenotypic variations may be caused by differences in long-term programming of gene function rather than variation in gene sequences per se, and studies of the basis for inter-individual phenotypic diversity should consider epigenetic variations in addition to genetic sequence polymorphisms.
How can the environment affect phenotype quizlet?
An organism’s phenotype is a combination of genetic factors, environmental factors, and the interactions between them. For instance, environmental changes can lead to changes in the genotype of the organism: if the pH in the soil where hydrangeas grow is acidic, the hydrangeas will turn blue.
How are phenotypes used in pedigree analysis?
How are phenotypes used in pedigree analysis? They are used to find the genotypes as a family. What information on a pedigree can tell you whether a gene is on an autosome or on a sex chromosome? If the trait is predominantly expressed by one gender, it is likely to be a sex chromosome.
In what type of inheritance pattern are phenotypes dependent on the parental origin of the alleles?
What is the relationship between genotype phenotype and the environment?
Often it is assumed that the phenotype is the sum of the genotype and the environment . The phenotype can also be seen as the interaction between genetics and environmental factors, some genotypes are better in one environment and others are better in another environment .
What are environmental factors?
Environmental factors include temperature, food, pollutants, population density, sound, light, and parasites. The diversity of environmental stresses that have been shown to cause an increase in asymmetry is probably not exclusive; many other kinds of stress might provide similar effects.
What factor does the environment play in DNA expression?
Environment plays an important part in gene expression. Environmental factors such as temperature, diet, drugs, chemicals, mutagens, oxygen level, light, humidity, etc. influence gene expression.
How are proteins responsible for phenotype?
Proteins are responsible for your physical characteristics and, as enzymes, for your biochemical activities. Therefore, the expression of genes as proteins governs a large proportion of your phenotype. Environmental factors can influence gene expression, physical structure, intelligence and behavior.
How is DNA responsible for phenotypes?
The production of proteins is controlled by the DNA which sends out mRNA to instruct the ribosomes RNA to make the proteins. So ultimately it is the DNA that controls the phenotype indirectly through the RNA and protein production.
What are 3 examples of phenotypes?
Which is a phenotype?
A phenotype is an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type. The genetic contribution to the phenotype is called the genotype. Some traits are largely determined by the genotype, while other traits are largely determined by environmental factors.
How does temperature affect phenotype?
Increases in temperature (warm environments) showed a non-significant increase in phenotypic means and a marginally significant increase in phenotypic variability. Larger increases in temperature saw greater increases in phenotypic variability, but no increase in the mean phenotypic response.
What are the 5 environmental factors?
Air, water, climate, soil, natural vegetation and landforms are all environmental factors. By definition, the environmental factors affect everyday living, and play a key role in bringing health differences across the geographic areas.
Why are armadillos excellent organisms to study environmental factors on the phenotypic range of gene expression?
Armadillos are thus ideal animals to use in such research, because they are born as quadruplets derived from a single fertilized egg. This means that all four armadillo pups share the same genetic sequence.
How does mutation affect phenotypic expression?
Mutations can be inherited and therefore passed on from one individual to another. If a mutation causes a new phenotype that makes an organisms better suited to a particular environment, it can lead to rapid change in the characteristics of the individuals in that species.
How does gene expression relate to phenotype?
In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic information stored in DNA represents the genotype, whereas the phenotype results from the “interpretation” of that information.
How do environmental factors affect the distribution and abundance of species?
Both physical (temperature, rainfall) and biotic (predators, competitors) factors may limit the survival and reproduction of a species, and hence its local density and geographic distribution.
How would a change in an environment affect the organisms that live there?
Climate change also alters the life cycles of plants and animals. For example, as temperatures get warmer, many plants are starting to grow and bloom earlier in the spring and survive longer into the fall. Some animals are waking from hibernation sooner or migrating at different times, too.
How does the environment affect the organism living in it?
The relationship between the environment and an organism Humans rely on their environment for even their most basic needs. From the air that they breathe to the food that they eat, and even natural resources needed to fuel their machinery.
Which of these is an example of an environmental effect on phenotype?
Environmental conditions, such as temperature and availability of nutrients can affect phenotypes. For example, temperature affects coat color in Siamese cats.
Which human phenotype is affected by environmental and genetic factors?
Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an individual organism, determined by both genetic make-up and environmental influences, for example, height, weight and skin colour. Associate Professor Peter Dearden, from the University of Otago, is interested in how genotype makes phenotype.
How does environmental factors affect the expression of traits?
Environmental Factors Interact with Genes Environmental factors often influence traits independently of genes. But not always. Sometimes the environment changes a gene”either its DNA sequence or its activity level. Either of these effects can change the proteins that are made from a gene, which in turn affects traits.
What are five environmental factors that can cause mutations?
Mutations are caused by environmental factors known as mutagens. Types of mutagens include radiation, chemicals, and infectious agents. Mutations may be spontaneous in nature.
Does environment affect DNA?
Environmental factors such as food, drugs, or exposure to toxins can cause epigenetic changes by altering the way molecules bind to DNA or changing the structure of proteins that DNA wraps around.
How does the environment affect genetic variation?
These results suggest that ecological factors can have strong impacts on both population size per se and intrapopulation genetic variation even at a small scale. On a more general level, our data indicate that a patchy environment and low dispersal rate can result in fine-scale patterns of genetic diversity.
Why are environmental factors important when assessing an individual’s health quizlet?
why are environmental factors important to consider when assessing an individual’s health? Some health risks are increased by heredity, which manifest under certain environmental conditions. Certain environments can lead to an increased risk of developing certain diseases.